Microbial content of Yarmuk River and King Abdulla Canal waterways in Jordan

The aim of this study was to monitor the microbiological contamination of the water of Yarmuk River [YR] and King Abdulla Canal [KAC] in Jordan for 6 months [June-November 2000] for their aerobic plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Water samples were collected monthly for 6 months [June-November 2000] from three generally representable locations of each of YR and KAC. The procedures of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water were, in general, used, The average counts in log colony forming units/ml water were 5.4, 4.9 aerobic plate counts; 3.4, 3.5 total coliforms; 2.0, 1.9 fecal coliforms; 1.7, 1.6 S.aureus', and 1.7,1.7 fungi [molds and yeasts], respectively. The presumptive tests for Salmonellae were positive in all samples of the two waterways. Average algae and protozoa counts during 4 months [July-October] in 5-I water samples as log/liter were 6.7, 6.9 in Yarmuk River and 3.2, 3.4 in King Abdulla Canal, respectively. The microbial contents of the sediments of the two waterways and temperature, pH, electric conductivity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen were also recorded. From the public point of view, the microbial water quality of the two waterways is not suitable for drinking before treatment; it is, however, suitable for agricultural restricted irrigation

Epithelial reaction in relation to ventilation tube extrusion: a histopathological study

Two hundred ventilation tubes [VTs] were collected and examined macroscopically for material attached to them. Gross examination revealed that 42% of them contain an intraluminal material and 80% are having debris attached to the collar and base. Thirty of these tubes with prominent debris attached to them were selected and prepared for histological examination. Microscopic examination showed that the intraluminal cast is formed of a homogeneous, eosinophilic material richly infiltrated by inflammatory cells. The outer debris are mainly formed of keratinous lamellae with areas of dried exudate. It was observed that the keratinous material around the collar of the tube is heaping more to one side than the other. This finding can be considered as a documentary support to the theory of migratory epithelium causing VT extrusion. It explains the mechanical action of this migratory epithelium in tilting and elevating the VT, which stands in the stream of migration, from its insertion